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A

access control list (ACL)   Contains a list of userids or groups and their security permissions. Identifies who can update, modify, or delete an object on a computer or resource on the network.

Active Server Pages (ASP pages)   Technology that allows Web developers to combine scripts and HTML code to create dynamic Web content and Web-based applications.

administrative installation point   Network share from which users install Office. Created by running Setup with the /a command-line option; contains all the Office files.

administrative rights   Highest level of permissions that can be granted to an account in Windows NT User Manager. An administrator can set permissions for other users and create groups and accounts within the domain. Required to install the System Files Update.

advertise   Windows Installer method for making an application available to the user without installing it. When the user attempts to use the application for the first time, the application is installed and run. Applications can be advertised by using the /jm command-line option (Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000) or by using IntelliMirror software installation (Windows 2000 only). See also assign, publish.

assign   Method of installing an application when using Windows 2000 Group Policy support. An administrator assigns the application to a user, group, or computer. When the application is selected for the first time, Windows Installer installs the application. Assigning places a shortcut for the assigned application in the Start menu. See also advertise, publish.

automatic recovery   See rollback.

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C

cache   A special memory subsystem in which frequently used data values, such as files that are made available for use offline, are duplicated for quick access.

certificate   Set of data issued by a certificate authority to completely identify an entity; issued only after that authority has verified the entity's identity.

certificate authority   A mutually trusted organization that issues certificates. Before issuing a certificate, the certificate authority requires you to provide identification information. Versign, Inc. is a recognized certificate authority.

chaining, chained package   Method used to include additional packages in an Office XP installation; chained packages are specified in the Setup settings file.

character entity reference   A set of HTML characters that are represented by easy-to-remember mnemonic names.

character set   A grouping of alphabetic, numeric, and other characters that have some relationship in common. For example, the standard ASCII character set includes letters, numbers, symbols, and control codes that make up the ASCII coding scheme. See also code page.

child feature   A subordinate feature in the Office feature tree; contained within a parent feature. Setting an installation state for a parent feature can affect the installation state of a child feature.

clear text   Unencrypted, non-machine dependent, ASCII text in readable form.

CMW file   A file created by the Custom Maintenance Wizard. See also configuration maintenance file.

code page   Ordered set of characters in which a numeric index (code point) is associated with each character of a particular writing system. There are separate code pages for different writing systems, such as Western European and Cyrillic. See also Unicode.

code point   Numeric value in Unicode encoding or in a code page; corresponds to a character. In the Western European code page, 132 is the code point for the letter ä; however, in another code page, the code point 132 might correspond to a different character.

complex script   Writing system based on characters that are composed of multiple glyphs or whose shape depends on adjacent characters. Thai and Arabic use complex scripts. See also glyph.

configuration maintenance file   A CMW file created by the Custom Maintenance Wizard; applies changes to feature installation states and other settings after Office is installed.

configuration property   Also known as configuration variable, a property that allows an administrator to control SharePoint Team Services settings.

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D

digital certificate   File issued by a certificate authority. Can be used to verify the user's identity for digitally signed or encrypted e-mail messages. Associates the user's identity with a public encryption key.

Digital ID   Combination of a digital certificate and a public and private encryption key set.

digital signature   Confirms that an e-mail message, macro, or program originated from a trusted source who signed it. Also confirms that the message, macro, or program has not been altered.

Document libraries   A folder where a collection of files is stored amid the files often using the same template. Each file in a library is associated with user-defined information that is displayed in the content listing for that library.

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E

elevated privileges   In Windows 2000 and Windows NT 4.0, a method of granting administrator rights to an installation program to modify system areas of the Windows registry or password-secured folders of a hard disk. Can be accomplished by logging on with administrator rights, advertising the program, giving administrator rights to all Windows Installer programs, or using Systems Management Server. See also advertise.

encryption   Method used to scramble the content of a file or data packet to make the data unreadable without the decryption key.

encryption, 128-bit    High level of encryption. Uses a 128-bit key to scramble the contents of a file or data packet to make the data unreadable without the decryption key.

encryption, 40-bit   Low level of encryption. Uses a 40-bit key to scramble the contents of a file or data packet to make the data unreadable without the decryption key.

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F

file allocation table (FAT)   Common file format of file cataloging for DOS and Windows operating systems; physical method of storing and accessing files from a hard disk. The FAT contains a list of all files on the physical or logical drive.

File Folder Tree   A folder tree structure where crash-reporting data from DW.exe is reported. Used as an intermediate storage area so that administrators can review the data before it is submitted to Microsoft.

FrontPage Server Extensions   A set of programs and scripts that support authoring in Microsoft FrontPage and extend the functionality of a Web server.

FTP   File Transfer Protocol. Protocol used to gain remote access to a Web server.

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G

glyph   Shape of a character as rendered by a font. For example, the italic "a" and the roman "a" are different glyphs representing the same alphabetical character.

Group Policy   In Windows 2000, allows administrators to manage users' computer configuration, including installation and maintenance of Office XP applications. You use Group Policy to define configurations for groups of users and computers, and you can specify settings for registry-based policies, security, software installation, scripts, folder redirection, and remote installation services.

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H

home page   Main page of a Web site. Usually has hyperlinks to other pages, both within and outside the site. One Web site can contain many home pages. For example, the Microsoft home page contains a Products home page, which contains other home pages.

host   The main computer in a system of computers connected by communications links.

hyperlink   Colored and underlined text or a graphic that you click to go to a file, a location in a file, an HTML page on the World Wide Web, or an HTML page on an intranet. Hyperlinks can also go to newsgroups and to Gopher, Telnet, and FTP sites.

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I

ideographic script   Writing system that is based on characters of Chinese origin, where the characters represent words or syllables that are generally used in more than one Asian language.

input locale   Sets what language is currently being entered and how to display it. Usually used in reference to the keyboard, code page, and font configuration of an operating system. See also user locale.

Input Method Editor (IME)   Software utility that converts keystrokes to characters in an ideographic script (Korean, Chinese, Japanese, and so on).

installation language   Locale ID (LCID) assigned to the value entry InstallLanguage in the Windows registry. Also called the default version of Office. This entry, along with other language settings, determines default behavior of Office applications.

installation state   The installation setting applied to an Office XP application or feature; determines whether a feature is installed locally, run from the network, installed on demand, not installed, or not available to users.

IntelliMirror   In Windows 2000, a set of tools and technologies that allow administrators to manage users' computer configurations by policy. IntelliMirror includes a software installation and maintenance feature that can be used to install and manage Office XP.

Internet   The World Wide Web.

intranet   An internal Web site for an organization.

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J

JavaScript   A cross-platform, World Wide Web scripting language. JavaScript code is inserted directly into an HTML page. JavaScript makes it possible to build Java programs.

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K

keypath   A file or registry entry listed as part of a component or feature of Office. If missing, triggers a reinstall of that component.

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L

LAN   Local area network. A computer network technology designed to connect computers separated by a short distance. A LAN can be connected to the Internet and used for intranet Web sites.

local administrators group   The group of users who have permission to perform administrative tasks on the local server computer. The permissions for this group are set by using the administration tools for the operating system.

locale ID (LCID)   A 32-bit value defined by Windows that consists of a language ID, sort ID, and reserved bits. Identifies a particular language. For example, the LCID for English is 1033 and the LCID for Japanese is 1041.

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M

maintenance mode   Configuration mode of an operating system for installing, updating, or removing applications. An important consideration for NT-based operating systems where users require access to secure sections of the registry or a hard disk. See also elevated privileges.

MSDE   Microsoft Data Engine (also known as Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Desktop Engine). A data store based on Microsoft SQL Server technology, but designed and optimized for use on smaller computer systems, such as a single user computer or a small workgroup server.

MSI file   See also package.

MST file   See also transform.

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N

network domain name   A group of users in a network who share a common set of shared resources, such as server disk drives and printers. A large network may have several domains based upon the needs of each set of users.

network place   A folder on a network file server, Web server, or Exchange 2000 server. Create a shortcut to a network place to work with files there. Some network places, such as document libraries, have features not available with local folders.

NLS files   National Language Support files. Files that extend the ability of the operating system to support multilingual features.

NTFS file system (NTFS)   Designed exclusively for use with the Windows NT operating system. NTFS allows for stronger security and more flexible file management methods than does FAT. See also file allocation table (FAT).

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O

Office user profile   A collection of user-defined options and settings captured by the Office Profile Wizard in an OPS file and applied to another computer.

OPS file   A file created by the Office Profile Wizard. See also Office user profile.

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P

package (MSI file)   In Windows Installer, a relational database that contains all the information necessary to install a product. The MSI file associates components with features and contains information that controls the installation process.

plug-in language features   User interface, online Help, and editing tools that users can install with Office XP to run Office in the users' own language, and to create documents in many other languages.

private key   One of a pair of keys used for encryption. A message encrypted with the public key must be decrypted with the private key. Part of a Digital ID.

public key   One of a pair of keys used for encryption. A message encrypted with the public key must be decrypted with the private key. Part of a Digital ID.

publish   A method of advertising an application by using Windows 2000 Group Policy support. A published application is not advertised with shortcuts or Start menu icons. Instead, the application is configured to be installed the first time another application requests it, such as when double-clicking a .doc file from Windows Explorer. See also advertise, assign.

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Q

quiet installation   Also known as unattended installation. An installation run by using the /q command-line option that runs without generating any user prompts.

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R

right   File and folder-level permissions that allow access to a Web site.

roaming user    User who uses more than one computer on a regular basis. Works at multiple sites using multiple computers.

roaming user profiles   Account information established for roaming users, usually within a given domain of a network. Automatically configures the computer when the user logs on.

role   A named group of user rights. Users are assigned to roles when they are added to a Web site based upon SharePoint Team Services.

rollback   A method used by Windows Installer to recover from a failed install. Similar to the rollback definition used in SQL. Consists of storing files, folders, and registry settings marked for deletion in a hidden temporary folder. If a serious error is encountered during the installation of new software, the files, folders, and registry settings are returned to their previous settings (as if the attempted installation never happened).

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S

script   In character sets, a set of characters from a particular writing system, such as Arabic, Cyrillic, Hebrew, or Latin.

scripting language   A programming language designed specifically for Web site programming. Examples include JavaScript and VBScript.

Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME)   Method of security that allows users to exchange encrypted and digitally signed messages with any S/MIME-compliant mail reader. Messages are encrypted or digitally signed by the sending client and decrypted by the recipient.

Secure Sockets Layer   A proposed open standard that was developed by Netscape Communications for establishing a secure communications channel to prevent the interception of critical information, such as credit card numbers.

security labels   An Outlook feature that allows you to add information to a message header about the sensitivity of the message content. The label can also restrict which recipients can open, forward, or send the message.

Setup settings file   An INI file, such as Setup.ini, read by Setup.exe at the start of the installation process; contains properties that control the installation process.

signed receipts   A message receipt that verifies that the recipients recognize the user's digital signature.

SMTP mail server   An e-mail server that uses the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. SMTP is available with Windows NT Server 4.0 and Windows 2000 Server.

SQL Server   A network or Web server that uses the standardized query language protocol for requesting information from a database. More commonly, a computer with an installed configuration of Microsoft SQL Server with a configured database that is available from a network location.

system locale   In Windows NT and Windows 2000, the setting that determines the code page and default input locale. See also input locale, user locale, code page.

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T

transform (MST file)   In Windows Installer, a relational database that contains information about components, features, and Setup properties. A transform is based on a particular package and contains the modifications to apply to that package during installation. You use the Custom Installation Wizard to create transforms for Office XP.

traveling user   Uses more than one computer on a regular basis, often a portable computer the user takes to different locations. Traveling users might have different language requirements or need access to different configurations of the same application (local or remote). See also roaming user.

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U

Unicode   Universal character set designed to accommodate all known scripts. Unlike most code pages, Unicode uses a unique two-byte encoding for every character, also known as double byte character set (DBCS). Unicode is a registered trademark of Unicode, Inc.

URL   Uniform Resource Locator. An address that specifies a protocol (such as HTTP or FTP) and a location of an object, document, World Wide Web page, or other destination on the Internet or an intranet. Example: http://www.microsoft.com/.

user locale   Setting that determines formats and sort orders for date, time, currency, and so on. Also known as regional settings. See also input locale.

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V

VBScript (Visual Basic Scripting Edition)   A subset of the Visual Basic for Applications programming language optimized for Web-related programming. As with JavaScript, code for VBScript is embedded in HTML documents.

vCard   The Internet standard for creating and sharing virtual business cards.

virtual server   A virtual computer that resides on an HTTP server but appears to the user as a separate HTTP server. Several virtual servers can reside on one computer, each capable of running its own programs and each with individualized access to input and peripheral devices. Each virtual server has its own domain name and IP address and appears to the user as an individual Web site or FTP site.

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W

Web query   In Microsoft Excel, a query that retrieves data stored on your intranet or the Internet.

Web server   A computer that hosts Web pages and responds to requests from browsers. Also known as an HTTP server, a Web server stores files whose URLs begin with http://.

Windows Installer shortcut   An application shortcut that supports Windows Installer install-on-demand functionality. On Windows NT 4.0, requires the Windows Desktop Update. See also assign, publish, and advertise.